Controlling chemical reactions with quantum physics

 

In the battle against controlling chemical reactions, researchers have reported, for the first time, the manipulation of the formation rate of urethane molecules in a solution contained inside an infrared cavity.

Controlling chemical reactions to generate new products is currently one of chemistry’s largest challenges.

Developments in this area impact numerous industries. For example, improving the production of catalysts to accelerate chemical reactions and reducing the waste generated in the manufacture of construction materials.

Manipulating the chemical reactivity of molecules

Because of this, different laboratories specialising in the field of polariton chemistry have developed experiments in optical cavities over the last ten years. These experiments aim to manipulate the chemical reactivity of molecules at room temperature, using electromagnetic fields.

Some teams have succeeded in modifying chemical reaction products in organic compounds.

However, no research team has been able to come up with a general physical mechanism to describe the phenomenon and to reproduce it to obtain the same consistent results.

Now, researchers from the University of Santiago, led by principal investigator Felipe Herrera, and the laboratory of the chemistry division of the US Naval Research Laboratory have reported the manipulation of the formation rate of urethane molecules in a solution contained inside an infrared cavity for the very first time.

The discovery proves that selectively controlling the reactivity of certain bonds in a chemical reaction at room temperature in a liquid solvent is theoretically and experimentally possible. This is through the influence of the electromagnetic field vacuum in a narrow range of infrared frequencies.

“This theoretical discovery improves our fundamental understanding of the phenomenon over other models that merely explain partial aspects of the experimental observations or simply refute the experimental evidence entirely,”

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